twyman and h



F. TWYMAN AND H. WORKMAN.

PRODUCTION OF COLOR CINEMATOGRAPHIC BANDS AND MEANS THEREFOR.

APPLICATION FILED NOV-21.1916.

1 ,3]. 2,088. Patented Aug. 5, 1919. a SHEETS-SHEET 1.

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via 9 i i; L's--- i 62 p I z z, y7al'y F. TWYMAN AND H. WORKMAN. PRODUCTION OF COLOR CINEMATOGRAPHIC BANDS AND MEANS THEREFOR. APPLICATION FILED N0v.21,191e.-

1,312,088. mmlltdml 5,19).

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. TWYMAN AND H. WORKMAN. PRODUCTION OF COLOR CINEMATOGRAPHIC BANDS AND MEANS THEREFOR.

' APPLICATION FILED N0v.2|,191e.

1,312,088. Patented Aug. 5, 1919. 6 9 3 SHEETSSHEET 3.

l I I I 7 FIG/Z.

sTA Es PATEN oFFIoE'.

'I'WYMAN, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, HAROLD SCOTLAND.

woman, or emsoow,

rno'nucriou or coma ommia'roGmnIonA ms ANDIMEANS rnmroa Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 5, 1919.

Application filed November 21, 191e,- Serial 1%. 132,591.

To, all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANK TwYMAN-and HAROLD WORKMAN, subjects of His Majesty King George V of the United Kingdom of,

Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Sea and Emperor 'reflected by a reflecting rism (hereinafter from the same point or aspect of view, by two or three lenses before which lenses is a bifurcating or trifur cating prism system for dividing the beam so as to form the two or.

three images in the same plane.

. The invention is hereinafter more-particularly described with-reference to cinematographic cameras of the hereinabove described kind in which a branch is separated from the entering beam of light, by reflection in a partially transmitting and partially reflecting compound prism block" (hereinafter called compound prism block), the direct beam passing through one objective (hereinafter called direct lens), while the branch beam reflected in the block is again called reflectingpriSm fitted at the side of the compoundlprism block' so that the axes of the direct beam and the branch beam are brought into parallelism and the branch beam traverses a. second objective (hereinafter called side lens). Such a device is used 'in association with color screens appropriate to the two color system and the dev,yice should produce two sharply focused images in the same-plane', and of substan- 'tially the same size for objects withthe range of distance through which it is desired to use the taking system, (wide, English :Patents Noe -16810 of 1 915 and 16811 of v Similarly twobranches may separated if from the entering beam of light by providing a prism system having two partially reflecting and partially transmitting surfaces, and two reflectlng prisms; whereby the direct beam passes through a medial lens and the branch beams traverse second and third 4 lenses arranged on either side of such medial lens, these side lenses being disposed so as to brmg their axes parallel with the axis.

of the medial lens, and the prism system bem arranged so as to bring the axis of the irect beam and the axes of 'thebranch beams into parallelism. i

' The foregoing are to be taken only as examples of optical systems for obtaining for the purposes of the present invention equality of size of images sharply focused on the same plane, and taken from the same point or aspect or view.

When from negative cinematographic film bearing successive groups of separate color record images produced by taking systems of the class described, positlve film is printed for the production of cinematographic efl'ect's in color by simultaneously projecting with the aid of color filters the resulting positive color record-images in'successive groups by a two or three lens projector, there must be such adjustment of the projection lenses in projecting such positive film, as will secure, effective superimposition of the images f each and every heliochromic group on the screen.

As anyincorrect superimposition of the color record images on the screen which may arise during the course of an exhibition can only be, detected after the fault has occurred and is dependent for its correction upon adjustments made by the operator and as the 1 requisite adjustments of the projection lenses to effect the correction takes some tlme and must be made without interrupting the continuity of the exhibition, any such defects in superimposition militatevseriously against the even and successful course of the exhibition. Owing to the mechanical impracticability of making all similar takingsystems of-the class described true to stand:

ard to the very high degree of accuracy necessary, such defectsin projectionmust ordinarily appear in most if not all-cases where from. negative films taken through two or more similar taking systems or units of the class described, separate lengths of positive which it is expedient also to fill as 'conducfilm are made and joined up, for projection, in one continuous band or reel, and separate adjustment of the projection lenses will require to be made after most if not after all film joins or fil-m changes to obtain correct superimposition of the color record images.

The objects of the present invention are to provide means by which the above mentioned defects may be overcome or rendered negligible, and to provide new .and improved arrangements of mounting the optical parts of such taking systems.

In this connection the followin requirements should be fulfilled to ena le really good films to be produced by cameras provided with taking systems of the class described.

Firstly the separate color record images of each successive group should be sharply focused on one plane and should be of the same size or substantially the same size for objects within the range of distance through which it is intended to use the system, thereby securing images that can be effectively superimposed upon the screen; secondly the negative images forming each group of color records should be set, each in an exact selected standard position in relation to each other and as a group to the course of the film so that lengths of positive film printed from negative films which have been produced by two or more similar taking systems .or units of the class described in'the camera or cameras to which they have been adapted can be joined up and'projected one after the other in a suitable projector fitted with two or three lenses and color filters, without it being necessary to readjust-the projecting lenses when changing from any one film to anyother of the same standard grouping ofimages; thirdly the removable front or panel of the camera on which the taking system is mounted should be under such registering control that when replaced after removal for any purpose it can only occupy one definite position relative to the course in which the film travels when passing the gates or apertures through which the separate color images of each group are taken.

The fulfilling of the foregoing requirements is necessary for the. purpose of the present invention but other requirements ing to a'higher attainment of the end or aim of the present invention comprise mounting all parts of the taking system in a dust tight casing so that only the face of the front prism by which the light enters the system and the rear faces of the lenses or t erear .face of one of the lenses and the rear facesof a correctin block behind the other lens or each of t e other lenses reuirebccasiona cleaning; and, further, the

iaphragms ofthelen'ses should be made ad'- justable from the outside of such casing so that it is unnecessary to open it when adjusting the diaphragms.

To the foregoing end the present inven-.

tion comprises an optical system of the kind described located by steady pins or otherwise so that it can only occupy one definite position relative to the course in which the film travels, and provided with adjustments and clampin devices by which the lenses can be broug t into position and locked in position so that the separate color record such system to any other piece of film taken by any other such system.

Examples of adjustments for the lenses or.

objectives which will serve in relation to the essential or main requirements of the present invention are asfollows:

Referring first to a two color cinematographic camera of the kind described and to the diagrams figured 1 to 3 of the appended drawings, each lens (Figure 1) may x be provided with a mechanical adjustment by one of which one lens can be adjusted vertically upward or downward and by the other of which the other lens can be adjusted laterally across the front of the camera. 7

Or, as depicted by Fig. 2 one lens only may be'provided with both such mechanical adjustments, the other lens being fixed.

Or, as according to Fig. 3, one lens may be provided with a mechanical adjustment by which it can be adjusted for separation in relation to the other lens, and both lenses may be conjoined to rotate as a whole about n .axis disposed parallel to the lens-axes 1 and lying in the plane of such lens-axes equi-distant from each.

Alternatively in any'of the examples hereinabove given each 'lens may be provided with both adjustments. Further in the ar' rangementgfigured 'by.Diagram 3, the prism system may be combined to rotate as a whole with the lenses. I

Referring to a three color camera of the" kind described, and .t othe diagrams figured 4 to 6 of the a pended drawings one lens (Fig. 4), ('pre erably themedial lens) is fixed and each of the side lenses may be provided with mechanical adjustments, by which such lenses can be adjusted both vertically upward anddownward, also-laterally across the front of the camera.

Or', as-depicted. by Fig. 5, each 'of two of 1,312,0'es v the before mentioned adjustment of each-of the two lenses, all the lenses being so conjoined to rotate as a whole about an axis coincident with the axis of the medial lens.

Or, according to Fig. 6, one lens (preferably the medial lens)v is fixed and each of the two otherlenses may be provided with a mechanical adjustment by which it can be adjusted for separation in relation to its companion lenses, there being a further ad justment to one of the-two other lenses by which it canvbe adjusted in a direction at right angles to the direction of its other adjustment, and all the lenses bein conjoined to rotate as a whole similarly to ig. 5.

The above described'mechanical adjust:

ments may conveniently be of the screw or cam type; Y

With any optical system of thekin d described having means for bringing it to definite position as hereinabove defined and fitted with adjustments of the kind and for the purposes hereinabove defined, the end or aim of the present invention can be well realized by proceeding in the f following way} A camera of the class described has 1ts optical system located by two steady pins or like devices so that it can only occupy one definite position relative to the course in which the'film travels, and the lenses by their adjustments are brought into position and locked in position so that the similar and equal sized separate color record images of each group are set, each in an exact selected standard position to each other and a as a'group to the course of the film.

Now with the aid of resulting positive pictures from this camera, the projection lenses or objectives of a projector are adjusted by similar adjustments to a setting by which the separate color record images of any group or any positive film printed from any negative 'film taken by said camera will eflectively superimpose on the screen when projected by the said projector.

This adjustment having been made, the projection lenses are locked in this-standard position. Thus a standard projector is es tablished to which further optical systems under registering control for position as defined can be rcferred for the adjusting these to projector.

For this purpose, another optical system in its mount is fitted "-'to. the same camera, or to another camera of the same type to. which it is adapted and by adjustments purposes of conform to t e standard positively a ing system are adjusted to a setting which is in accord with the standard projector and by which the separate color record lmages of any group of any resulting positive film from this other taking system will effectively superimpose on the screen when'projected by the standard projector. I This adustment having been made, the lenses of this other optical system are then looked in the standard position.

In this way any number of optical sy s tems fitted to the camera or cameras to which they have been adapted may be adjusted to conform to the standardprojector for the production of cinemato raph film which fill the hereinabove defined essential requirements of. the present invention, the

lenses being locked'when this endor ,aim is realized;

v With theaid of. the accompanying drawings we will now describe convenient and advantageous means conducive to carrying the present invention into practice par-' ticularly with reference to producing cine matograph bands wherein the color record elements of the heliochromic groups are arranged side by side at the same level or substantially the same level on a broad band, and in which the taking system chosen'for illustration is of the kind for two color heliochromy forming the subject matter of British Patent No. 16811/1915.

In thedrawings':.

Figs. 1 to 6 are diagrams illustrating adjustments of the lenses hereinbefore referred to.

v Fig. 7 is a plan view partly in section of a taking system according to this invention,

the system being illustrated as applied to a removable front or panel of a cinemato-- graph camera.

llO

Fig. 7" is a detail view hereinafter referred to.

Fig. 8 is a'side elevation partly in section. Fig.. 9 iia front view with the cover and prism mounts removed, the upper-half oi. the circular portion, as' shown in unbroken line being taken on a section at or in the plane of the flange of, the lens 6, Fig. 7

Figs. 10 and 11 are details of the helical focusing mount hereinafter described, Fig. 11 being a section on line w, w of; Fig. 10.

Fig. '12 i a detail view of the means of just ing and locking the lens mount, and, v a Fi 13 illustrates another method of constructing the dust tight chamber for the prism system before the lenses.

In the depicted arrangement .as shown by Figs. 7, 8, 9 (dotted outline) and 13, a shows 1 a removable front or panel in which are two steady-pin holes, I) b, Fig. 9 to secure exact positioning. This removable panel carries the optical system and the two registering holes 6' b engage over two steady pins on the fixed front of the cinematographic camera and bring the removable front or panel a, Fig. 9 to a definite position as hereinbefore laid down, the seating or main front for this purpose being rigidly connected to the gate film track and general mechanism. Thus the removable front bearing the optical system for projection can be. instantaneously set into absolute adjustment or relation to the film carrying mechanism.

- The combined lens and prism system comprising the compound prism block 0, reflect- 1ng prism d,'direct lens 6, side lens f and correcting block 9, is combined unitwise witha mount fitted with a screw adjust.- ment by which all the parts may be moved together in focusing. The mount depicted is of the so called. helical type, i. 6., the mount is a sliding barrel which is constrained in movement in its guide by pins co-acting with helical slots arranged so as to impart to' and fro longitudinal motionto the barrel. As figured or shown, h, h, Figs.

' 7 and 8, is a flanged tubular mount, or fixed sleeve integral with or fast to the removable panel or front (1, Figs. 7 and 8. The slid- 1ng barrel mount 7:, Figs. 7 and 8, carries the whole optical system for. projection and the barrel mount is can slide backward -and forward in the sleeve h, h, but with an in termediarypr medial sleeve 7' which by its rotation gives a means of focusing the optical projectionsystem. The sleeve 7' which is medial between the fixed tube It and the slid able tube or mount is, is provided with helical slotsdriving the tube mount k in or out,

' one of these slots being shown on an enlarged scale as l, Fig.10, as engaging with a pin m,

attached to the sliding mount is. The sleeve 7' is flanged and is actuated externally by.

' a'finger lever or crank arm/o, Fig. 7.

most remote from the flanged di mounted an adjustable sliding plate r Fig.

Sleeve k is fixed to panel a: by cheese headed screws 12 which pass through slots 13 in theflange of sleeve h to accommodate rotation of the sleeve h as and for the purpose hereinafter described.

Into the. slidable tube or mount is a flanged disk p Fig. 8 is screwed disk-end first, this disk being apertured for the reception of the direct; lens e and the correcting block 9 respectively. The flange of the direct lensis pinned to that face of the disk p with aspect away from the compound prism block a, and to the free end of the flanged disk p is. pinned a disk .5 hereinafter called the main lens panel. Upon that face of the main lens panel 9 pis the side lens f and fenestrated appropriately for the direct lens e, the flange of the side lens being pinned to that face of theslide plate 1- with aspect toward the reflecting prism d: provision for locking the sliding plate win the set position may conveniently take the form of set screws 14 traversing slots 15 in the panel 9 and screwing into the plate r, these slots being disposed as shown in Fig. 9 so as to function only when adjusting for the separation of the axes of the lenses. Preferably cheese-headed set screws 14, Fig. 8 'are screwed into the slide itplate a" from the back, holesbeingmade in the disk p to admit a screw-driver.

I its companion reflecting prism d b which the entering beam of light is divided between the direct lens 6 and the side lens f.

The prism system in front of the lenses, in the chosen example, the compound .prism block 0 with its companion reflection prism 03, is combined as annit with a removable part which co-acts with another part or other parts of the mounting of the optical system to form an accessible dust tight chamber forward of the main lens panel and this removable part must be brought to one definite position by steady pins or like device so that disturbance of the adjusted and set position of the optical system in virtue of is precluded.

' As illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9 the compound plate w as by a clamping plate-w and screw bolts y. The cap plate w and the plate as too removing and replacing the removable part are appropriately fenestrated in the path of the entering beam of light and the cap plate w is pinned to the barrel 8, being brought to the hereinbeforecited definite register position by steady pins or the like I device, for securing constancy ofposition. Alternatively and where as illustrated in Figs. 13, the lenses are carried on and ex-.

tend forwardly of a common panel 9, there may be an appropriately. fenestrated boxlike cap 10 carried from this panel 9 as.on

rods 11, this box-like cap 10 being suitably made removable from the panel and there being'provision spch 'as by plates or velvet strips or both sliding over or on one another to complete the box-like cap as a dust tight chamber and at the same time allow of the requisite adjustment of the lenses;-

'1 is appropriately fenestrated in the paths of the direct beam and the reflected beam.

For operating iris diaphragms from outside the focusing mount So as to complete the taking system as a compact and reliable selfcontained -unit which is highly protected against dust and damage, the expedient may be adopted of employing radial slotted pins 2 extending into the barrel 8 so as to engage pins 3 outstanding from the iris diaphragm levers into the path of the slots 2* of the pins 2. The pins 2 Work in circumferential slots 2 provided in the barrel 8, and carry dust proof cover-plates 4 working in lid 5, clearance being left between the lens f and the inner end of the corresponding pin 2 as shown in Fig. 7 to allow for the adjustment of the lens f from the lens 0.

For the purpose of adjusting the separation of the lenses e and f, it is convenient to fit the barrel 8 with a pair of diametrically opposite radial set screws 6, 6 to co-act with the sliding plate 7* in obvious manner. When the correct separation is determined the adjustment is locked by binding the sliding plate 1- to the panel 9, this being done by tightening the screws 14 working through the slots 15 in the panel 9 to the plate 1'.

These screws 6, 6 are thenremoved and their holes are then filled with dummy screws to prevent the locked setting being tampered with.

To adjust the images as a group in the exact selected standard position to the course of the film, the fixed sleeve h of the mount is positively held against rotation in relation to the front or panel a by means which can be externally influenced to rotate the sleeve h, rotation being allowed by virtue of the pinning of the sleeve flange to the front or panel a being through the slots 13. As figured, the flange of the sleeve it has a radial finger 7, Fig. 12, extending medially between lugs 8 outstanding from and fast with the panel a these lugs 8 having screw threaded holes fitted with opposing screws 9 by which the position of the finger and flange with which it is integral can be adjusted. And when the required adjustment is made the flange of the sleeve h is locked to the front or panel a while to prevent tampering with the adjustment the opposing screws or finger or both may be removed.

Inasmuch as cameras of the kind described may be adapted to produce cinematograph films containing successive groups of separate color records wherein the separate color record images are placed one above the other on a standard or single width film, either consecutively or spaced out with a color record or color records of another group or other groups intervening, or placed side by side at the same level on a broad band, or at difi'erent levels on a broad band, it is to be understood that such variations are contemplated by and form part of the present intures.

FRA-N K TWYMAN. v HAROLD-WORKMAN.

aflix our signa- 

